| 24–36" | 36–48" | — | Give plenty of space for air circulation to prevent blight. Stake or cage plants. |
| 12–18" | 36–60" | — | Train on a trellis to save space. Vining types need more room than bush types. |
| 18–24" | 24–36" | — | Consistent spacing improves air flow and reduces disease pressure. |
| 8–12" | 12–18" | — | Can be grown more densely for cut-and-come-again harvesting. |
| 2–4" | 12–18" | ½" | Thin seedlings to final spacing once 2" tall for best root development. |
| 4–6" | 12" | 1" | Sets planted tip-up. Closer spacing gives smaller bulbs; wider gives larger. |
| 6" | 12" | 2" | Plant cloves pointy-side up in autumn for harvest the following summer. |
| 12" | 30–36" | 3–4" | Hill soil around plants as they grow. Wider rows give more room for hilling. |
🥒Courgette / Zucchini Vegetable | 24–36" | 36–48" | — | Bushy plants need lots of space. One or two plants usually feeds a family. |
| 2–3" | 18–24" | 1" | Provide support for climbing varieties. Bush peas need less space. |
| 4–6" | 18–24" | — | Succession sow every 2–3 weeks for continuous harvest. |
| 6–9" | 24–30" | — | Requires a trellis or cane supports. Very productive per square foot. |
| 18–24" | 24–36" | — | Wider spacing leads to larger heads. Side shoots continue after main harvest. |
| 12–24" | 24–36" | — | Closer spacing gives smaller, tender heads. Wider spacing for large storage cabbages. |
| 6" | 12" | ½" | Sow thickly and thin; thinnings are edible. Bolts in hot weather. |
| 2–3" | 6" | ½" | Fastest maturing vegetable — ready in 25–30 days. Sow successionally every 2 weeks. |
| 3–4" | 12" | ½–1" | Each seed is actually a cluster of 2–3 seeds — thin to the strongest seedling. |
| 4–6" | 12–18" | ½" | Harvest young for best flavour. Greens are also edible. |
| 3–6" | 12" | ½" | Slow to germinate (3–4 weeks). Taste improves after first frost. |
| 18–24" | 24–30" | — | Tie outer leaves over the head to blanch and keep white. Needs consistent moisture. |
🥦Brussels Sprouts Vegetable | 18–24" | 24–30" | — | Long growing season (up to 6 months). Stake plants as they become tall and top-heavy. |
| 12–18" | 18–24" | — | Harvest outer leaves first. Frost improves the flavour. Very cold-hardy. |
| 6" | 12" | 6" | Plant into deep holes and don't fill — this blanches the stems naturally as they grow. |
| 8–12" | 24" | — | Needs very consistent moisture and rich soil. Long growing season. |
| 12" | 18" | — | Remove outer leaves in late summer to allow the swollen base to develop. |
| 36–60" | 60–72" | — | Needs a lot of space for sprawling vines. Allow fruits to cure on the vine before harvesting. |
| 12" | 24–36" | 1" | Plant in blocks (at least 4×4) rather than long rows for good wind pollination. |
🍆Aubergine / Eggplant Vegetable | 18–24" | 24–36" | — | Needs warm soil and long growing season. Stake heavy fruiting plants. |
| 12–18" | 36–48" | 6–8" | Permanent bed crop — space carefully as it will grow in the same spot for 20+ years. |
| 6–9" | 18" | — | Cut outer stems at the base and the plant keeps producing. Very heat-tolerant. |
| 12" | 18" | — | Earth up around the bulb base when it starts to swell to blanch and sweeten it. |
🥬Rocket / Arugula Vegetable | 4–6" | 9" | ¼" | Fast-growing. Harvest young leaves. Can be cut-and-come-again. |
🌿Spring Onion / Scallion Vegetable | 1–2" | 6" | ½" | Sow thickly in bands rather than individual planting. Ready in 8–10 weeks. |
| 6–8" | 12" | 1" | Each set multiplies into a clump of 6–12 bulbs. Harvest when foliage yellows. |
| 36–60" | 60–96" | — | Very hungry plants — enrich planting hole with well-rotted manure or compost. |
| 12–18" | 18" | — | Pinch flowers to keep producing. Harvest outer leaves first. |
| 8–10" | 12" | — | Slow to germinate. Soak seeds overnight before planting to speed germination. |
| 6–8" | 12" | — | Very easy to grow. Divide clumps every few years to maintain vigour. |
| 18–24" | 24" | — | Grows aggressively. Contain in pots or use root barriers to prevent spreading. |
| 24–36" | 36" | — | Grows into a large shrub over time. Allow air circulation to prevent root rot. |
| 18–24" | 24" | — | Needs excellent drainage and full sun. Don't overcrowd — good air flow prevents rot. |
| 12–18" | 18–24" | — | Low-growing creeping habit. Trim after flowering to prevent woodiness. |
| 18–24" | 24" | — | Woody perennial. Replace every 3–4 years as plants become leggy. |
| 12–15" | 18" | — | Spreads readily. Can be divided in spring to create new plants. |
| 12" | 12" | ¼" | Bolt-resistant varieties best for leaf production. Sow directly; dislikes transplanting. |
| 6–8" | 12" | ¼" | Bolts quickly in heat. Sow successionally every 3–4 weeks for continuous harvest. |
| 18–24" | 24" | — | Keep away from most vegetables as it is allelopathic. Grows very tall. |
| 18–24" | 24" | — | French tarragon can't be grown from seed — buy plants. Divide every 3 years. |
| 18–24" | 24" | — | Spreads like mint — best in containers. Bees love the flowers. |
| 12–18" | 18" | ½" | Self-seeds prolifically. Edible flowers attract pollinators strongly. |
| 12–18" | 24–30" | — | Runners will root and create new plants. Remove if you want to keep beds tidy. |
| 18–24" | 48–60" | — | Support canes with posts and wire. Summer- and autumn-fruiting types are pruned differently. |
| 5 ft | 6 ft | — | Prune one third of old wood each year to encourage new fruiting shoots. |
🍇Redcurrant / Whitecurrant Fruit | 4–5 ft | 5 ft | — | Fruit on spurs of old wood — very different pruning to blackcurrant. |
| 4–5 ft | 5 ft | — | Prickly — wear gloves when harvesting. Open centre pruning keeps bushes manageable. |
| 4–5 ft | 6 ft | — | Needs acidic soil (pH 4.5–5.5). Plant two different varieties for better pollination. |
| 24–36" | 36–48" | — | Leave fruit to mature on the plant for storage marrows. |
| 12–24" | 24" | 1" | Tall varieties need more spacing. Stagger planting times for successive blooms. |
| 8–10" | 12" | — | Plant around vegetable beds as a border for pest control. |
| 10–12" | 12" | ½" | Edible flowers and leaves. Great trap crop for aphids. Thrives in poor soil. |
| 6–9" | 12" | 1" | Needs support to climb. Pick flowers regularly to extend the flowering period. |
| 6–18" | 18" | — | Spacing depends on variety size. Deadhead regularly for continuous flowering. |
| 8–12" | 12" | ¼" | Hardy annual. Self-seeds readily. Edible petals and great companion for vegetables. |
| 12–18" | 18" | — | Tall, feathery plants that attract beneficial insects. Pinch when young for bushy growth. |
| 12" | 18" | — | Brilliant blue star flowers attract pollinators. Self-seeds vigorously. |
| 24–36" | 36–48" | — | Spacing depends on variety. Shrub roses need more room; miniatures can be closer. |
| 4–6" | 6–8" | 6–8" | Plant bulbs in autumn. Closer planting gives a more dramatic display. |
| 18–24" | 24–36" | 4–6" | Stake tall varieties. Lift tubers in autumn in cold climates. |
| 3–6" | 6" | 6" | Plant in groups for best effect. Leave foliage to die back naturally after flowering. |