Symptoms
- check_circleBright orange, yellow, or brown powdery pustules on leaf undersides
- check_circleYellow or pale spots on the upper leaf surface above pustules
- check_circleLeaves yellowing and dropping prematurely
- check_circlePustules releasing orange spore clouds when disturbed
Causes
- arrow_rightFungal spores spread by wind, water splash, or insects
- arrow_rightHigh humidity and moderate temperatures (15–25°C)
- arrow_rightDense planting reducing air circulation
- arrow_rightOverhead watering keeping foliage wet
How to Diagnose
The orange, powdery pustules on leaf undersides are distinctive. Different rust species affect different plants — they are not transferable between unrelated species.
Treatment
Remove and destroy all infected leaves. Do not compost them. Apply a sulphur-based or copper fungicide. Improve air circulation. Avoid wetting foliage.
Prevention
Space plants well. Water at the base. Clear plant debris at end of season. Choose rust-resistant varieties. Apply preventive fungicide sprays in high-risk periods.
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